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In this excerpt from The Discovery and Conquest of
Terra Florida, which includes all of chapters 8 and 9, the author, known only
as "A Gentleman of Elvas," tells the story of Juan Ortiz. Ortiz was a Spanish soldier
attached to an expedition to
present-day Florida led by Pánfilo de Narváez in 1528 when he was captured
by Indians. Eleven years later he again encountered Spaniards, who this time were
under the command of Hernando de Soto. Ortiz joined Soto's men and died during the
winter of 1641–1642. This English translation comes from an edition edited by Richard Hakluyt (the
younger) in 1611 and republished by the Hakluyt Society in 1851.
Of some inrodes that were made into the countrie; and how there was
a Christian found, which had bin long time in the power of an Indian Lord.
From the towne of Ucita, the Governour sent the alcalde mayor, Baltasar de Gallegos,
with 40 horsemen and 80 footemen, into the countrie, to see if they could take any
Indians: and the captaine, John Rodriguez Lobillo, another way with 50 footemen; the
most of them were swordmen and target-tours, and the rest were shot and crossebowmen.
They passed through a countrie full of bogges, where horses could not travell. Halfe
a league from the campe, they lighted upon certaine cabins of Indians neere a river;
the people that were in them leaped into the river; yet they tooke foure Indian
women; and twentie Indians charged us, and so distressed us, that wee were forced to
retire to our campe, being, as they are, exceeding readie with their weapons. It is a
people so warlike and so nimble, that they care not a whit for any footemen. For if
their enemies charge them, they runne away, and if they turne their backs, they are
presently upon them. And the thing that they most flee, is the shot of an arrow. They
never stand still, but are alwaies running and traversing from one place to another;
by reason whereof neither crossebow nor arcubuse can aime at them; and before one
crossebowman can make one shot, an Indian will discharge three or foure arrowes; and
he seldome misseth what
— page 28 —
hee shooteth at. An arrow, where it findeth no armour,
pierceth as deepely as a crossebow. Their bowes are very long, and their arrows are
made of certain canes like reedes, very heavie, and so strong, that a sharpe cane
passeth thorow a target; some they arme in the point with a sharpe bone of a fish
like a chisel, and in others they fasten certaine stones like points of diamants. For
the most part, when they light upon an armour, they breake in the place where they
are bound together. Those of cane do split and pierce a coate of maile, and are more
hurtfull then the other. John Rodriquez Lobillo returned to the campe with sixe men
wounded, whereof one died, and brought the foure Indian women, which Baltasar
Gallegos had taken in the cabins or cotages. Two leagues from the towne, comming into
the plaine field, he espied ten or eleven Indians, among whom was a Christian, which
was naked, and scorched with the sunne, and had his armes razed after the manner of
the Indians, and differed nothing at all from them. And as soone as the horsemen saw
them, they ran toward them. The Indians fled, and some of them hid themselves in a
wood, and they overtooke two or three of them, which were wounded; and the Christian,
seeing an horseman runne upon him with his lance, began to crie out, Sirs, I am a
Christian, slay me not, nor these Indians, for they have saved my life. And
straightway he called them, and put them out of feare, and they came foorth of the
wood unto them. The horsemen tooke both the Christian and the Indians up behind them;
and toward night came into the campe with much joy; which thing being knowne by the
Governour, and them that remained in the campe, they were received with the like.
— page 29 —
Chapter 9
How this Christian came to the land of Florida, and who he was; and
what conference he had with the Governour.
This Christian's name was John Ortiz, and he was borne in Sivil [Seville], in
worshipful parentage. He was twelve yeeres in the hands of the Indians. He came into
this countrie with Pamphilo de Narvaez, and returned in the ships to the Island of
Cuba, where the wife of the Governour, Pamphilo de Narvaez, was: and by his
commandment, with twenty or thirty other, in a brigandine, returned backe againe to
Florida; and comming to the port in the sight of the towne, on the shore they saw a
cane sticking in the ground, and riven at the top, and a letter in it: and they
believed that the Governour had left it there to give advertisement of himselfe, when
he resolved to goe up into the land: and they demanded it of foure or five Indians,
which walked along the sea shore; and they bad them, by signes, to come on shore for
it, which, against the will of the rest, John Ortiz and another did. And as soone as
they were on land, from the houses of the towne issued a great number of Indians,
which compassed them about, and tooke them in a place where they could not flee; and
the other, which sought to defend himselfe, they presentlie killed upon the place,
and tooke John Ortiz alive, and carried him to Ucita their lord. And those of the
brigandine sought not to land, but put themselves to sea, and returned to the island
of Cuba. Ucita commanded to bind John Ortiz hand and foote upon foure stakes aloft
upon a raft, and to make a fire under him, that there he might bee burned. But a
daughter of his desired him that he would not put him to death, alleaging that one
only Christian could do him neither hurt nor good, telling him, that it was more for
his honour to keepe him as a cap-
— page 30 —
tive. And Ucita granted her request, and commanded him to be
cured of his wounds; and as soone as he was whole, he gave him the charge of the
keeping of the temple, because that by night the wolves did cary away the dead
corpses out of the same; who commended himselfe to God, and tooke upon him the charge
of his temple. One night the wolves gate from him the corpes of a little child, the
sonne of a principal Indian; and going after them, he threw a darte at one of the
wolves, and strooke him that carried away the corps, who, feeling, himselfe wounded,
left it, and fell downe dead neere the place; and hee not woting [knowing] what he
had done, because it was night, went backe againe to the temple; the morning being
come, and finding not the bodie of the child, he was very sad. As soone as Ucita knew
thereof, he resolved to put him to death; and sent by the tract, which he said the
wolves went, and found the bodie of the child, and the wolfe dead a little beyond:
whereat Ucita was much contented with the Christian, and with the watch which hee
kept in the temple, and from thence forward esteemed him much Three yeeres after hee
fell into his hands, there came another lord, called Mocoço, who dwelleth two daies
journy from the port, and burned his towne. Ucita fled to another towne that he had
in another sea port. Thus John Ortiz lost his office and favour that he had with him.
These people being worshippers of the divell, are wont to offer up unto him the lives
and blood of their Indians, or of any other people they can come by; and they report,
that when he will have them doe that sacrifice unto him, he speaketh with them, and
telleth them that he is athirst, and willeth them to sacrifice unto him. John Ortiz
had notice by the damsell that had delivered him from the fire, how her father was
determined to sacrifice him the day following, who willed him to flee to Mocoço, for
shee knew that he would use him well; for she heard say, that he had asked for him,
and said he would be glad to see him; and because he knew not the
— page 31 —
way, she went with him halfe a league out of the towne by
night, and set him in the way, and returned, because she would not be discovered.
John Ortiz travailed all the night, and by the morning came unto a river, which is in
the territorie of Mocoço; and there he saw two Indians fishing; and because they were
in war with the people of Ucita, and their languages were different, and hee knew not
the language of Mocoço, he was afraid (because he could not tell them who hee was,
nor how hee came thither, nor was able to answer any thing for himselfe) that they
would kill him, taking him for one of the Indians of Ucita; and before they espied
him, he came to the place where they had laid their weapons; and as soone as they saw
him, they fled toward the towne; and although he willed them to stay, because he
meant to do them no hurt, yet they understood him not, and ran away as fast as ever
they could. And as soone as they came to the towne with great outcries, many Indians
came forth against him, and began to compasse him to shoote at him: John Ortiz seeing
himselfe in so great danger, shielded himselfe with certaine trees, and began to
shreeke out, and crie very loud, and to tell them that he was a Christian, and that
he was fled from Ucita, and was come to see and serve Mocoço his lord. It pleased
God, that at that very instant there came thither an Indian that could speake the
language and understood him, and pacified the rest, who told them what hee said. Then
ran from thence three or foure Indians to beare the newes to their lord, who came
foorth a quarter of a league from the towne to receive him, and was very glad of him.
He caused him presently to sweare according to the custome of the Christians, that he
would not run away from him to any other lord, and promised him to entreate him very
well; and that if at any time there came any Christians into that countrie, he would
freely let him goe, and give him leave to goe to them; and likewise tooke his oth to
performe the same, according to the Indian custome.
— page 32 —
About three yeares after, certaine Indians, which were fishing
at sea two leagues from the towne, brought newes to Mocoço that they had seene ships;
and hee called John Ortiz, and gave him leave to go his way; who, taking his leave of
him, with all the haste he could, came to the sea, and finding no ships, he thought
it to be some deceit, and that the cacique had done the same to learne his mind; so
he dwelt with Mocoço nine yeeres, with small hope of seeing any Christians. As soone
as our Governor arrived in Florida, it was knowne to Mocoço, and straightway he
signified to John Ortiz that Christians were lodged in the towne of Ucita: and he
thought he had jested with him, as hee had done before, and told him, that by this
time he had forgotten the Christians, and thought of nothing else but to serve him.
But he assured him that it was so, and gave him license to goe unto them; saying unto
him, that if hee would not doe it, and if the Christians should goe their way, he
should not blame him, for he had fulfilled that which hee had promised him. The joy
of John Ortiz was so great, that hee could not beleeve that it was true;
notwithstanding, he gave him thankes, and tooke his leave of him; and Mocoço gave him
tenne or eleven principall Indians to beare him companie; and as they went to the
port where the Governour was, they met with Baltasar de Gallêgos, as I have declared
before.
As soone as he was come to the campe, the Governour commanded to give him a sute of
apparrell, and very good armour, and a faire horse, and enquired of him, whether hee
had notice of any countrie, where there was any gold or silver? He answered, No,
because he never went ten leagues compasse from the place where he dwelt; but that
thirty leagues from thence dwelt an Indian lord, which was called Parocossi, to whom
Mocoço and Ucita, with al the rest of that coast, paied tribute, and that hee
peradventure might have notice of some good countrie; and that his land was better
then that of the sea coast, and more fruitfull and plentifull
— page 33 —
of maiz; whereof the Governour received great contentment; and
said, that he desired no more then to finde victuals, that hee might goe into the
maine land, for the land of Florida was so large that in one place or other there
could not chuse but bee some rich countrie. The cacique Mocoço came to the port to
visit the Governor, and made this speech following:
Right hie and mightie Lord, I being lesser in mine owne conceit for to obey you, then
any of those which you have under your command; and greater in desire to doe you
greater services, doe appeare before your Lordship with so much confidence of
receiving favour, as if in effect this my good will were manifested unto you in
workes: not for the small service I did unto you, touching the Christian which I had
in my power, in giving him freely his libertie (for I was bound to doe it to preserve
mine honour, and that which I had promised him), but because it is the part of great
men to use great magnificences: and I am perswaded, that as in bodily perfections,
and commanding of good people, you doe exceede all men in the world, so likewise you
doe in the parts of the minde, in which you may boast of the bountie of nature. The
favour which I hope for of your Lordship is, that you would hold mee for yours, and
bethinke your selfe to command me any thing, wherein I may doe you service.
The Governour answered him, that although in freeing and sending him the Christian,
he had preserved his honour and promise, yet he thanked him, and held it in such
esteeme, as it had no comparison; and that hee would alwais hold him as his brother,
and would favor him in all things to the utmost of his power. Then he commanded a
shirt to be given him, and other things, wherewith the cacique being verie well
contented, tooke his leave of him, and departed to his owne towne.
