http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/img/EV_Logo_sm.gif This is the url http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org The first and ultimate online reference work about the Commonwealth /Don_LuA Tue, 21 May 2013 16:21:22 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Don_LuA Tue, 21 May 2013 16:21:22 EST]]> /Strachey_William_1572-1621 Thu, 16 May 2013 15:39:11 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Strachey_William_1572-1621 Thu, 16 May 2013 15:39:11 EST]]> /Percy_George_1580-1632_or_1633 Thu, 16 May 2013 15:34:22 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Percy_George_1580-1632_or_1633 Thu, 16 May 2013 15:34:22 EST]]> /Colonial_Virginia Thu, 16 May 2013 14:50:38 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Colonial_Virginia Thu, 16 May 2013 14:50:38 EST]]> /Roanoke_Colonies_The Thu, 16 May 2013 14:28:07 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Roanoke_Colonies_The Thu, 16 May 2013 14:28:07 EST]]> /Jamestown_Settlement_Early Thu, 16 May 2013 14:24:23 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Jamestown_Settlement_Early Thu, 16 May 2013 14:24:23 EST]]> /Little_Ice_Age_and_Colonial_Virginia_The Thu, 16 May 2013 14:19:15 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Little_Ice_Age_and_Colonial_Virginia_The Thu, 16 May 2013 14:19:15 EST]]> /Letter_from_Antonio_de_Abalia_to_the_Council_of_Indies_October_23_1566 Wed, 15 May 2013 13:54:11 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Letter_from_Antonio_de_Abalia_to_the_Council_of_Indies_October_23_1566 Wed, 15 May 2013 13:54:11 EST]]> /La_Trinidad_Expedition_Log_August_25_1566 Wed, 15 May 2013 13:52:19 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/La_Trinidad_Expedition_Log_August_25_1566 Wed, 15 May 2013 13:52:19 EST]]> /La_Trinidad_Expedition_Log_August_24_1566 Wed, 15 May 2013 13:50:30 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/La_Trinidad_Expedition_Log_August_24_1566 Wed, 15 May 2013 13:50:30 EST]]> /La_Trinidad_Expedition_Log_August_14_1566 Wed, 15 May 2013 13:48:50 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/La_Trinidad_Expedition_Log_August_14_1566 Wed, 15 May 2013 13:48:50 EST]]> /List_of_People_on_La_Trinidad_Expedition_August_1_1566 Wed, 15 May 2013 13:46:39 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/List_of_People_on_La_Trinidad_Expedition_August_1_1566 Wed, 15 May 2013 13:46:39 EST]]> /Instructions_from_Pedro_Menendez_de_Aviles_to_Pedro_de_Coronas_et_al_August_1_1566 Wed, 15 May 2013 13:42:42 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Instructions_from_Pedro_Menendez_de_Aviles_to_Pedro_de_Coronas_et_al_August_1_1566 Wed, 15 May 2013 13:42:42 EST]]> /Lewis_and_Clark_Expedition_The Wed, 08 May 2013 13:55:05 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Lewis_and_Clark_Expedition_The Wed, 08 May 2013 13:55:05 EST]]> /Bland_Edward_bap_1614-1652 Wed, 08 May 2013 13:52:59 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Bland_Edward_bap_1614-1652 Wed, 08 May 2013 13:52:59 EST]]> /Batte_Thomas_fl_1630s-1690s Wed, 08 May 2013 13:41:52 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Batte_Thomas_fl_1630s-1690s Wed, 08 May 2013 13:41:52 EST]]> /Culpeper_Thomas_second_baron_Culpeper_of_Thoresway_1635-1689 Fri, 19 Apr 2013 15:26:01 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Culpeper_Thomas_second_baron_Culpeper_of_Thoresway_1635-1689 Fri, 19 Apr 2013 15:26:01 EST]]> /Byrd_William_ca_1652-1704 Wed, 17 Apr 2013 13:10:55 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Byrd_William_ca_1652-1704 Wed, 17 Apr 2013 13:10:55 EST]]> /Ambler_James_M_1848-1881 Mon, 15 Apr 2013 11:38:14 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Ambler_James_M_1848-1881 Mon, 15 Apr 2013 11:38:14 EST]]> /Account_of_the_Lottery_in_Leicester_by_Rogert_Hawfeilde_June_12_1618 Mon, 08 Apr 2013 13:57:29 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Account_of_the_Lottery_in_Leicester_by_Rogert_Hawfeilde_June_12_1618 Mon, 08 Apr 2013 13:57:29 EST]]> /Relation_of_Juan_de_la_Carrera_March_1_1600 Mon, 08 Apr 2013 13:50:32 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Relation_of_Juan_de_la_Carrera_March_1_1600 Mon, 08 Apr 2013 13:50:32 EST]]> /Newes_from_Virginia_The_lost_Flocke_Triumphant_by_Lord_Robert_Rich_1610 Mon, 08 Apr 2013 13:29:03 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Newes_from_Virginia_The_lost_Flocke_Triumphant_by_Lord_Robert_Rich_1610 Mon, 08 Apr 2013 13:29:03 EST]]> /The_Story_of_Guillaume_Rouffi_an_excerpt_from_Relacion_e_informacion_de_los_Franceses_by_Hernando_de_Manrique_de_Rojas_July_9_1564 Mon, 08 Apr 2013 12:48:49 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/The_Story_of_Guillaume_Rouffi_an_excerpt_from_Relacion_e_informacion_de_los_Franceses_by_Hernando_de_Manrique_de_Rojas_July_9_1564 Mon, 08 Apr 2013 12:48:49 EST]]> /A_true_and_sincere_declaration_of_the_purpose_and_ends_of_the_plantation_begun_in_Virginia_by_the_Virginia_Company_of_London_1609 Mon, 08 Apr 2013 12:40:41 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/A_true_and_sincere_declaration_of_the_purpose_and_ends_of_the_plantation_begun_in_Virginia_by_the_Virginia_Company_of_London_1609 Mon, 08 Apr 2013 12:40:41 EST]]> /The_Story_of_Marguerite_de_La_Roque_an_excerpt_from_The_Heptameron_of_Margaret_Queen_of_Navarre_by_Marguerite_de_Navarre_1558 Mon, 08 Apr 2013 11:47:49 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/The_Story_of_Marguerite_de_La_Roque_an_excerpt_from_The_Heptameron_of_Margaret_Queen_of_Navarre_by_Marguerite_de_Navarre_1558 Mon, 08 Apr 2013 11:47:49 EST]]> /_The_natives_are_white_men_an_excerpt_from_De_Orbe_Novo_by_Peter_Martyr_d_Anghiera_1530 Mon, 08 Apr 2013 11:40:57 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/_The_natives_are_white_men_an_excerpt_from_De_Orbe_Novo_by_Peter_Martyr_d_Anghiera_1530 Mon, 08 Apr 2013 11:40:57 EST]]> /Letter_from_the_Council_of_the_Virginia_Company_of_London_to_the_Mayor_and_Aldermen_of_the_City_of_Norwich_December_4_1617 Mon, 08 Apr 2013 11:37:40 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Letter_from_the_Council_of_the_Virginia_Company_of_London_to_the_Mayor_and_Aldermen_of_the_City_of_Norwich_December_4_1617 Mon, 08 Apr 2013 11:37:40 EST]]> /Mundus_novus_1503 Mon, 08 Apr 2013 11:01:14 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Mundus_novus_1503 Mon, 08 Apr 2013 11:01:14 EST]]> /The_Black_Legend_an_excerpt_from_A_Brief_Account_of_the_Destruction_of_the_Indies_by_Bartolome_de_las_Casas_1552 Mon, 08 Apr 2013 09:53:22 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/The_Black_Legend_an_excerpt_from_A_Brief_Account_of_the_Destruction_of_the_Indies_by_Bartolome_de_las_Casas_1552 Mon, 08 Apr 2013 09:53:22 EST]]> /Petition_from_Alderman_Johnson_et_al_to_King_James_I_April_1623 Mon, 08 Apr 2013 09:43:47 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Petition_from_Alderman_Johnson_et_al_to_King_James_I_April_1623 Mon, 08 Apr 2013 09:43:47 EST]]> /The_Story_of_Juan_Ortiz_an_excerpt_fromThe_Discovery_and_Conquest_of_Terra_Floridaby_a_Gentleman_of_Elvas_1557 Mon, 08 Apr 2013 09:33:27 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/The_Story_of_Juan_Ortiz_an_excerpt_fromThe_Discovery_and_Conquest_of_Terra_Floridaby_a_Gentleman_of_Elvas_1557 Mon, 08 Apr 2013 09:33:27 EST]]> /Gosnold_Bartholomew_1571-August_22_1607 Thu, 28 Mar 2013 14:24:52 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Gosnold_Bartholomew_1571-August_22_1607 Thu, 28 Mar 2013 14:24:52 EST]]> /Hakluyt_Richard_ca_1530-1591 Thu, 28 Mar 2013 14:17:47 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Hakluyt_Richard_ca_1530-1591 Thu, 28 Mar 2013 14:17:47 EST]]> /Inter_caetera_by_Pope_Alexander_VI_May_4_1493 Wed, 20 Mar 2013 14:56:28 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Inter_caetera_by_Pope_Alexander_VI_May_4_1493 Wed, 20 Mar 2013 14:56:28 EST]]> /_Instructions_to_George_Yeardley_by_the_Virginia_Company_of_London_November_18_1618 Wed, 20 Mar 2013 09:02:40 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/_Instructions_to_George_Yeardley_by_the_Virginia_Company_of_London_November_18_1618 Wed, 20 Mar 2013 09:02:40 EST]]> /El_Requerimiento_by_Juan_Lopez_de_Palacios_Rubios_1513 Mon, 18 Mar 2013 14:37:54 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/El_Requerimiento_by_Juan_Lopez_de_Palacios_Rubios_1513 Mon, 18 Mar 2013 14:37:54 EST]]> /Elizabeth_I_1533-1603 Thu, 24 Jan 2013 15:35:06 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Elizabeth_I_1533-1603 Thu, 24 Jan 2013 15:35:06 EST]]> /Thomas_Harriot_on_the_Diseases_that_Ravaged_Indian_Towns_an_excerpt_from_A_briefe_and_true_report_of_the_new_found_land_of_Virginia_1588 Thu, 10 Jan 2013 10:56:23 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Thomas_Harriot_on_the_Diseases_that_Ravaged_Indian_Towns_an_excerpt_from_A_briefe_and_true_report_of_the_new_found_land_of_Virginia_1588 Thu, 10 Jan 2013 10:56:23 EST]]> /Thomas_Harriot_on_the_Indians_of_Ossomocomuck_an_excerpt_from_A_briefe_and_true_report_of_the_new_found_land_of_Virginia_1588 Thu, 10 Jan 2013 09:34:21 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Thomas_Harriot_on_the_Indians_of_Ossomocomuck_an_excerpt_from_A_briefe_and_true_report_of_the_new_found_land_of_Virginia_1588 Thu, 10 Jan 2013 09:34:21 EST]]> /Meeting_Granganimeo_an_excerpt_from_The_first_voyage_made_to_the_coasts_of_America_by_Arthur_Barlowe_1589 Wed, 09 Jan 2013 16:08:43 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Meeting_Granganimeo_an_excerpt_from_The_first_voyage_made_to_the_coasts_of_America_by_Arthur_Barlowe_1589 Wed, 09 Jan 2013 16:08:43 EST]]> /Roanoke_Colonists_Appeal_to_John_White_an_excerpt_from_The_voyage_of_Edward_Stafford_and_John_White_by_John_White_1589 Tue, 18 Dec 2012 12:20:52 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Roanoke_Colonists_Appeal_to_John_White_an_excerpt_from_The_voyage_of_Edward_Stafford_and_John_White_by_John_White_1589 Tue, 18 Dec 2012 12:20:52 EST]]> /John_White_s_Change_of_Plans_an_excerpt_from_The_voyage_of_Edward_Stafford_and_John_White_by_John_White_1589 Tue, 18 Dec 2012 12:08:39 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/John_White_s_Change_of_Plans_an_excerpt_from_The_voyage_of_Edward_Stafford_and_John_White_by_John_White_1589 Tue, 18 Dec 2012 12:08:39 EST]]> /John_White_Returns_to_Roanoke_an_excerpt_from_The_fift_voyage_of_Master_John_White_into_the_West_Indies_and_parts_of_America_called_Virginia_in_the_yeere_1590_1600 Tue, 18 Dec 2012 10:39:57 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/John_White_Returns_to_Roanoke_an_excerpt_from_The_fift_voyage_of_Master_John_White_into_the_West_Indies_and_parts_of_America_called_Virginia_in_the_yeere_1590_1600 Tue, 18 Dec 2012 10:39:57 EST]]> /Arriving_in_Virginia_an_excerpt_from_Observations_gathered_out_of_a_Discourse_of_the_Plantation_of_the_Southerne_Colonie_in_Virginia_by_George_Percy_1625 Thu, 13 Dec 2012 10:22:27 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Arriving_in_Virginia_an_excerpt_from_Observations_gathered_out_of_a_Discourse_of_the_Plantation_of_the_Southerne_Colonie_in_Virginia_by_George_Percy_1625 Thu, 13 Dec 2012 10:22:27 EST]]> /The_Dying_Time_an_excerpt_from_Observations_gathered_out_of_a_Discourse_of_the_Plantation_of_the_Southerne_Colonie_in_Virginia_by_George_Percy_1625 Wed, 12 Dec 2012 16:00:52 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/The_Dying_Time_an_excerpt_from_Observations_gathered_out_of_a_Discourse_of_the_Plantation_of_the_Southerne_Colonie_in_Virginia_by_George_Percy_1625 Wed, 12 Dec 2012 16:00:52 EST]]> /The_Deliverance_and_the_Patience_an_excerpt_from_A_true_reportory_of_the_wracke_and_redemption_of_Sir_Thomas_Gates_Knight_by_William_Strachey_1625 Wed, 12 Dec 2012 11:34:10 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/The_Deliverance_and_the_Patience_an_excerpt_from_A_true_reportory_of_the_wracke_and_redemption_of_Sir_Thomas_Gates_Knight_by_William_Strachey_1625 Wed, 12 Dec 2012 11:34:10 EST]]> /Life_and_Death_on_Bermuda_an_excerpt_from_A_true_reportory_of_the_wracke_and_redemption_of_Sir_Thomas_Gates_Knight_by_William_Strachey_1625 Wed, 12 Dec 2012 11:13:54 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Life_and_Death_on_Bermuda_an_excerpt_from_A_true_reportory_of_the_wracke_and_redemption_of_Sir_Thomas_Gates_Knight_by_William_Strachey_1625 Wed, 12 Dec 2012 11:13:54 EST]]> /Conspiracies_on_Bermuda_an_excerpt_from_A_true_reportory_of_the_wracke_and_redemption_of_Sir_Thomas_Gates_Knight_by_William_Strachey_1625 Wed, 12 Dec 2012 10:56:19 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Conspiracies_on_Bermuda_an_excerpt_from_A_true_reportory_of_the_wracke_and_redemption_of_Sir_Thomas_Gates_Knight_by_William_Strachey_1625 Wed, 12 Dec 2012 10:56:19 EST]]> /_The_dangerous_and_dreaded_Iland_an_excerpt_from_A_true_reportory_of_the_wracke_and_redemption_of_Sir_Thomas_Gates_Knight_by_William_Strachey_1625 Wed, 12 Dec 2012 10:42:51 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/_The_dangerous_and_dreaded_Iland_an_excerpt_from_A_true_reportory_of_the_wracke_and_redemption_of_Sir_Thomas_Gates_Knight_by_William_Strachey_1625 Wed, 12 Dec 2012 10:42:51 EST]]> /Hakluyt_Richard_1552-1616 Thu, 06 Dec 2012 14:54:54 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Hakluyt_Richard_1552-1616 Thu, 06 Dec 2012 14:54:54 EST]]> /Byrd_William_1674-1744 Thu, 06 Dec 2012 01:43:11 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Byrd_William_1674-1744 Thu, 06 Dec 2012 01:43:11 EST]]> /Sea_Venture Thu, 06 Dec 2012 01:40:51 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Sea_Venture Thu, 06 Dec 2012 01:40:51 EST]]> /Meriwether_Lewis_s_Report_to_Thomas_Jefferson_April_7_1805 Tue, 27 Nov 2012 15:20:34 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Meriwether_Lewis_s_Report_to_Thomas_Jefferson_April_7_1805 Tue, 27 Nov 2012 15:20:34 EST]]> /Thomas_Jefferson_s_Instructions_to_Meriwether_Lewis_June_20_1803 Tue, 27 Nov 2012 14:00:29 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Thomas_Jefferson_s_Instructions_to_Meriwether_Lewis_June_20_1803 Tue, 27 Nov 2012 14:00:29 EST]]> /Journal_Entry_by_William_Clark_November_7_1805 Wed, 07 Nov 2012 15:55:06 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Journal_Entry_by_William_Clark_November_7_1805 Wed, 07 Nov 2012 15:55:06 EST]]> /Meriwether_Lewis_s_Journal_Entries_August_12-13_1805 Wed, 24 Oct 2012 10:02:08 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Meriwether_Lewis_s_Journal_Entries_August_12-13_1805 Wed, 24 Oct 2012 10:02:08 EST]]> /_The_people_of_America_crye_oute_unto_us_an_excerpt_from_Discourse_on_Western_Planting_by_Richard_Hakluyt_the_younger_1584 Wed, 26 Sep 2012 14:11:49 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/_The_people_of_America_crye_oute_unto_us_an_excerpt_from_Discourse_on_Western_Planting_by_Richard_Hakluyt_the_younger_1584 Wed, 26 Sep 2012 14:11:49 EST]]> /Gates_Sir_Thomas_d_1622 Thu, 20 Sep 2012 11:57:59 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Gates_Sir_Thomas_d_1622 Sir Thomas Gates served as governor of Virginia in 1610 and then as lieutenant governor from 1611 until 1614. Born in the southwest of England, he served in the West Indies with Sir Francis Drake and fought with Robert Devereux, second earl of Essex, in Normandy and Cádiz, where Gates was knighted in 1596. Gates was an original investor in the Virginia Company of London and led an infantry company in the Netherlands until taking command of a massive resupply fleet to Virginia in 1609. Aboard the flagship Sea Venture, Gates and his crew were shipwrecked on Bermuda for nearly a year before finally making it to Virginia. There, Governor Gates encountered a colony on the brink of extinction, saved only by the timely arrival of a new governor, Thomas West, twelfth baron De La Warr. Advocating a strict, military-style regime, Gates instituted a set of rules that were expanded and, in 1612, published as For the Colony in Virginea Britannia. Lawes Divine, Morall and Martiall, &c. He participated in sometimes brutal attacks on the Indians during the First Anglo-Powhatan War(1609–1614), and, in England, worked as a tireless advocate for the Virginia Company. Returning to Virginia in 1611, Gates stiffened Jamestown's defenses and, with Sir Thomas Dale, cleared much of the James River of Powhatan Indians. Gates died in the Netherlands in 1622.
Thu, 20 Sep 2012 11:57:59 EST]]> /White_John_d_1593 Tue, 18 Sep 2012 14:36:25 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/White_John_d_1593 John White was an English artist who in 1585 accompanied a failed colonizing expedition to Roanoke Island in present-day North Carolina and who, in 1587, served as governor of a second failed expedition, which came to be known as the Lost Colony. As an artist attached to the first group of colonists, White produced watercolor portraits of Virginia Indians and scenes of their lives and activities. He rendered the local flora and fauna and, using the English polymath Thomas Hariot as a surveyor, created detailed maps of the North American coastline. He also joined Hariot and others on an exploration of the Chesapeake Bay and made contact there with the Chesapeake Indians. Many of White's paintings were published, sometimes in altered form, by Theodor de Bry as etchings in Hariot's illustrated edition of A Briefe and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia (1590). They are the most accurate visual record of the New World by an artist of his generation. After the first colony failed, White led a second, which was intended for the Chesapeake but which settled again at Roanoke. The colonists included White's daughter, Elinor White Dare, who gave birth to Virginia Dare, the first English child born in America. A poor and unpopular leader, White agreed to be a messenger back to England to inform the colony's backers of the location change and a need for new supplies. Waylaid by the Spanish Armada, he did not return until 1590; the colonists had disappeared. White died three years later.
Tue, 18 Sep 2012 14:36:25 EST]]> /ZA Wed, 15 Aug 2012 15:09:05 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/ZA The Zúñiga chart, a manuscript map of the Chesapeake Bay and Tidewater Virginia, is a copy of a map that was probably originally drawn by Captain John Smith, one of the Jamestown colonists. Named for Don Pedro de Zúñiga, a Spanish ambassador to England, who sent it to King Philip III of Spain in September 1608, the chart is significant for its insight into the locations of Indian villages, the location of Jamestown and the architecture of James Fort, and the concerns and priorities of the English colonists.
Wed, 15 Aug 2012 15:09:05 EST]]> /Barlowe_Arthur_ca_1550-ca_1620 Thu, 21 Jun 2012 16:13:33 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Barlowe_Arthur_ca_1550-ca_1620 Arthur Barlowe was an English explorer and sea captain who helped to lead a reconnaissance expedition to Roanoke Island off the coast of present-day North Carolina, preparing for a larger English settlement the following year. Little is known about Barlowe's life other than that by early in the 1580s he was a gentleman-soldier attached to Walter Raleigh's household in London. In 1584, Barlowe and Philip Amadas captained two ships that landed at Roanoke Island in what would become the Virginia Colony. The explorers remained in the region for two months, and upon his return Barlowe produced a report, "The first voyage made to the coastes of America," that appeared in Richard Hakluyt the Younger's Principall Navigations, Voyages and Discoveries of the English Nation, published in 1589. An entertaining narrative, Barlowe's report appears to have been based on a ship's log of the voyage, and the final text may have been reworked by others, including Thomas Hariot, Raleigh's primary assistant, and Raleigh himself. Raleigh used the completed report as a propaganda tool to further his aims of settling a permanent colony in Virginia.
Thu, 21 Jun 2012 16:13:33 EST]]> /Sir_Walter_Raleigh_s_Patent_to_Settle_Virginia_1584 Fri, 01 Jun 2012 15:27:38 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Sir_Walter_Raleigh_s_Patent_to_Settle_Virginia_1584 Fri, 01 Jun 2012 15:27:38 EST]]> /Instructions_from_the_Virginia_Company_of_London_to_the_First_Settlers_1606 Fri, 27 Apr 2012 15:24:30 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Instructions_from_the_Virginia_Company_of_London_to_the_First_Settlers_1606 In these instructions, dated November 1606, the Virginia Company of London informs the men who would settle what became Jamestown of its priorities once they land. In particular, the company suggests how to look for a Northwest Passage, how to search for gold, and how to treat the Virginia Indians, whom it calls "naturals." Captain Christopher Newport and Bartholomew Gosnold are mentioned by name. Some spelling has been modernized and contractions expanded.
Fri, 27 Apr 2012 15:24:30 EST]]> /Somers_Sir_George_1554-1610 Wed, 04 Apr 2012 11:23:13 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Somers_Sir_George_1554-1610 Sir George Somers was an English privateer and sea captain who served as admiral of a large resupply voyage to Jamestown in 1609; his ship the Sea Venture was wrecked and its passengers stranded for almost ten months on the islands of Bermuda. A native of Dorset, in the southwest of England, Somers preyed on Spanish shipping in the West Indies during his early years, earning enough money to buy land and build a nice home near his native town of Lyme Regis. Described as being "a lion at sea," he was knighted by King James I in 1603, and in 1606 was named in the Virginia Company of London's royal charter to settle Virginia. In 1609, Somers sailed on the Sea Venture, the resupply fleet's flagship that was shipwrecked in the Bermudas. There, despite disagreements with the governor, Sir Thomas Gates, Somers helped lead the castaways in their return to Virginia in May 1610. A few weeks later, a new governor, Thomas West, baron De La Warr, ordered Somers back to Bermuda to gather supplies. He died there early in November. His nephew Matthew Somers buried his heart and entrails in Bermuda—soon after named the Somers Islands—before returning the rest of his body to England for burial.
Wed, 04 Apr 2012 11:23:13 EST]]> /_All_the_knowen_Seas_an_excerpt_from_The_Principall_Navigations_Voiages_and_Discoveries_of_the_English_Nation_by_Richard_Hakluyt_the_younger_1589 Tue, 03 Apr 2012 16:38:19 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/_All_the_knowen_Seas_an_excerpt_from_The_Principall_Navigations_Voiages_and_Discoveries_of_the_English_Nation_by_Richard_Hakluyt_the_younger_1589 In this excerpt from the opening pages of The Principall Navigations, Voiages and Discoveries of the English Nation (1589), Richard Hakluyt (the younger) tells how his cousin, Richard Hakluyt (the elder), spurred his interest in geography, why his collection of narratives is important to the development of England, and the many delays he suffered in preparing his volume.
Tue, 03 Apr 2012 16:38:19 EST]]> /Letter_from_the_Council_in_Virginia_to_the_Virginia_Company_of_London_1607 Tue, 03 Apr 2012 11:40:01 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Letter_from_the_Council_in_Virginia_to_the_Virginia_Company_of_London_1607 Tue, 03 Apr 2012 11:40:01 EST]]> /_In_wishing_him_well_he_killed_him_excerpt_from_Relation_of_Juan_Rogel_ca_1611 Wed, 28 Mar 2012 10:56:15 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/_In_wishing_him_well_he_killed_him_excerpt_from_Relation_of_Juan_Rogel_ca_1611 Wed, 28 Mar 2012 10:56:15 EST]]> /Raleigh_Sir_Walter_ca_1552-1618 Tue, 31 Jan 2012 16:18:29 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Raleigh_Sir_Walter_ca_1552-1618 Sir Walter Raleigh was an English soldier, explorer, poet, and courtier who funded three voyages to Roanoke Island (1584–1587) and whose ostentatious manner of dress and love for Queen Elizabeth became legendary. Born a commoner in Devon, England, Raleigh (also spelled Ralegh) nevertheless had connections to Elizabeth through his mother and may have exploited those relationships to win a place at court. He wrote poems to the queen and advised her on policy in Ireland, where in 1580 he had helped to slaughter papal troops. Soon he became one of Elizabeth's favorites, using his wealth and power to pursue dreams of colonizing the Americas, first at Roanoke and then at Guiana. Raleigh's mission, as he wrote in his long poem "The Ocean to Cynthia" (likely penned in the 1590s), was "To seek new worlds for gold, for praise, for glory." In so doing, he relied on the genius of English mathematician and astronomer Thomas Hariot, the master propagandist Richard Hakluyt (the younger), and the iconic artist John White. Raleigh also relied on the faithful protection of Elizabeth, protection that conspicuously disappeared when he secretly married one of her maids of honor. After the queen's death in 1603, Raleigh was accused of plotting against her successor and spent much of the rest of his life in the Tower of London. A second failed expedition to Guiana, during which he disobeyed the king's instructions, resulted in his beheading in 1618.
Tue, 31 Jan 2012 16:18:29 EST]]> /Fry-Jefferson_Map_of_Virginia Wed, 18 Jan 2012 11:31:16 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Fry-Jefferson_Map_of_Virginia The Fry-Jefferson map, first published in 1753, was the definitive map of Virginia in the eighteenth century. Created by two of the colony's most accomplished surveyors, Joshua Fry and Peter Jefferson, A Map of the Inhabited Part of Virginia containing the whole Province of Maryland, with Part of Pensilvania, New Jersey and North Carolina included their completed border survey for the western bounds of the Northern Neck and a portion of the Virginia–North Carolina dividing line. For the first time the entire Virginia river system was properly delineated, and the northeast-southwest orientation of the Appalachian Mountains was fully displayed. Published in eight known editions, or states, the map was widely copied, and served as an important resource for mapmakers like Lewis Evans and John Mitchell, whose Map of the British and French Dominions in North America (1755) was used to determine the boundaries of the United States as established in the Treaty of Paris (1783). John Henry also relied heavily on the Fry-Jefferson map as he plotted county boundaries in his New and Accurate Map of Virginia (1770), and Thomas Jefferson, Peter Jefferson's son, used his father's map to compile A Map of the country between Albemarle Sounds, and Lake Erie, which accompanied his Notes on the State of Virginia (written 1781).
Wed, 18 Jan 2012 11:31:16 EST]]> /A_briefe_and_true_report_of_the_new_found_land_of_Virginia_by_Thomas_Hariot_1588 Wed, 18 Jan 2012 11:30:02 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/A_briefe_and_true_report_of_the_new_found_land_of_Virginia_by_Thomas_Hariot_1588 A briefe and true report of the new found land of Virginia, by Thomas Hariot, was the first book about North America to be produced by an Englishman who had actually visited the continent. First published in 1588 and reprinted first by Richard Hakluyt (the younger) and then by Theodor de Bry, Hariot's report documented his trip to Roanoke Island off the Outer Banks of present-day North Carolina from 1585 to 1586. With its descriptions of the region's flora and fauna, along with the Native Americans who lived there, A briefe and true report came to be one of the most important texts produced in relation to the beginnings of English settlement in the Americas. The de Bry editions included engravings of images by John White, who had accompanied Hariot and the 600 other colonists. Together, Hariot's text and White's images played a crucial role in encouraging English investors to continue their colonial endeavors in the New World, and thus led directly to the beginnings of English settlement in Virginia.
Wed, 18 Jan 2012 11:30:02 EST]]> /The_Original_Jamestown_Settlers_an_excerpt_from_The_Generall_Historie_of_Virginia_New-England_and_the_Summer_Isles_by_John_Smith_1624 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 15:28:57 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/The_Original_Jamestown_Settlers_an_excerpt_from_The_Generall_Historie_of_Virginia_New-England_and_the_Summer_Isles_by_John_Smith_1624 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 15:28:57 EST]]> /The_First_Anglo-Powhatan_War_Begins_an_excerpt_from_A_Trewe_Relacyon_of_the_procedeings_and_ocurrentes_of_Momente_which_have_hapned_in_Virginia_by_George_Percy Mon, 07 Nov 2011 14:23:11 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/The_First_Anglo-Powhatan_War_Begins_an_excerpt_from_A_Trewe_Relacyon_of_the_procedeings_and_ocurrentes_of_Momente_which_have_hapned_in_Virginia_by_George_Percy Mon, 07 Nov 2011 14:23:11 EST]]> /_Of_such_a_dish_as_powdered_wife_an_excerpt_from_The_Generall_Historie_of_Virginia_New-England_and_the_Summer_Isles_by_John_Smith_1624 Wed, 02 Nov 2011 09:26:39 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/_Of_such_a_dish_as_powdered_wife_an_excerpt_from_The_Generall_Historie_of_Virginia_New-England_and_the_Summer_Isles_by_John_Smith_1624 Wed, 02 Nov 2011 09:26:39 EST]]> /Hariot_Thomas_ca_1560-1621 Tue, 05 Apr 2011 12:54:27 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Hariot_Thomas_ca_1560-1621 Thomas Hariot (often spelled Harriot) was an English mathematician, astronomer, linguist, and experimental scientist. During the 1580s, he served as Sir Walter Raleigh's primary assistant in planning and attempting to establish the English colonies on Roanoke Island off the coast of present-day North Carolina. He taught Raleigh's sea captains to sail the Atlantic Ocean using sophisticated navigational methods not well understood in England at the time. He also learned the Algonquian language from two Virginia Indians, Wanchese and Manteo. In 1585, Hariot joined the expedition to Roanoke, which failed and returned to England the next year. During his stay in America, Hariot helped to explore the present-day Outer Banks region and, farther north, the Chesapeake Bay. He also collaborated with the artist John White in producing several maps notable at the time for their accuracy. Although Hariot left extensive papers, the only work published during his lifetime was A Briefe and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia, which evaluated the economic potential of Virginia. The report appeared most impressively in Theodor de Bry's 1590 edition that included etchings based on the White-Hariot maps and White's watercolors of Indian life. After a brief imprisonment in connection to the Gunpowder Plot (1605), Hariot calculated the orbit of Halley's Comet, sketched and mapped the moon, and observed sunspots. He died in 1621.
Tue, 05 Apr 2011 12:54:27 EST]]> /Byrd_Richard_E_1888-1957 Tue, 23 Nov 2010 08:40:59 EST http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Byrd_Richard_E_1888-1957 Richard E. Byrd was a naval aviator and explorer of both the Arctic and Antarctica who became famous in 1926 as the first man credited with flying to the North Pole. During World War I (1914–1918), he conducted antisubmarine patrols in the North Atlantic and became a pioneer in navigating long distances, both on water and in the air. Byrd's desire to test navigational equipment in extreme climates took him to Greenland in 1925, and from there he pushed north using a sun compass and shortwave aerial radio transmissions. His roundtrip, aerial expedition to the North Pole, funded by wealthy American industrialists, was completed in about sixteen hours on May 9, 1926, and earned Byrd international fame. His pioneering feat has long been questioned, at times persuasively, by skeptical scientists who claimed that he could not have made the trip in such a short amount of time. Later in his career, Byrd established the United States presence in Antarctica and flew to the South Pole.
Tue, 23 Nov 2010 08:40:59 EST]]>