Title: Price, James Hubert
(1882–1943)
Source: The Library of Virginia
More informationJames H. Price was a governor of
Virginia (1938–1942) who advocated for a series of progressive policies designed
to help those hurt by the Great
Depression of the 1930s. His most notable achievement came in 1938
with the enactment of an Old Age Assistance Plan that enabled Virginians to
receive federal Social Security benefits. Throughout his term, Price battled
with United States Senator Harry F.
Byrd Sr. and members of his political machine over policy and
patronage issues. While Price won some of these battles, by 1940 Byrd and the
Byrd Organization
had derailed his legislative agenda, leaving a defeated Price to spend most of
his last two years in office helping to mobilize Virginia for war.
James Hubert Price was born in Organ Cave in Greenbrier County, West Virginia, on September 7, 1878. He grew up in Staunton, Virginia, and graduated from the Washington and Lee Law School in 1909. He moved to Richmond to practice law in 1910. His political career began in 1916 when he won the first of seven consecutive terms representing Richmond in the House of Delegates. Two years later, he married Lillian Martin. The marriage produced two children. Price's growing family coincided with a blossoming social and political life. Long active in fraternal organizations, Price served as Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Virginia Masons from 1922 to 1924, and as Imperial Recorder for the Ancient Arabic Order of Nobles of the Mystic Shrine for North America (more commonly known today as the Shriners of North America) from 1927 until his death. These positions provided him with a wealth of social and political contacts. In 1929, Price was elected lieutenant governor of Virginia.
Title: Price, James H., and
Peery, George
Source: The Virginia Historical
Society
More informationPrice's differences with Byrd, the former
governor, became apparent as the Great Depression hit the nation in 1930. After
Governor John Garland
Pollard, a Byrd ally, failed to take decisive action, Price called
unsuccessfully for a special legislative session to "provide [a] limited work
relief program to reduce unemployment in rural areas" through highway
construction. This idea ran counter to Byrd's conservative pay-as-you-go
philosophy of highway construction. Lacking Byrd's support for governor, Price
again ran for lieutenant governor and was reelected in 1933.
In July 1935, Price upended the normal selection process and announced his candidacy for the Democratic gubernatorial nomination two years ahead of the primary. The Byrd Organization searched but failed to find as attractive an alternative. Price eventually gained the endorsement of a majority of Organization supporters in December 1936. He won the general election easily in November 1937. Price achieved the bulk of his legislative success in his first session with the General Assembly in 1938. Most notably, the governor enabled elderly Virginians to receive Social Security benefits through the passage of the Old Age Assistance Plan. Other accomplishments included the establishment of a forty-eight-hour work week for women, an increase in teachers' salaries, and a law that made Virginia localities eligible for federal funds for slum clearance.
Title: Governor James Price
with Bette Davis
Source: The Library of Virginia
More informationPrice broke with the Byrd Organization
when he fired top Byrd lieutenant Everett R. Combs as comptroller and chairman of the Compensation
Board. This breach was furthered by rumors that Price had been given veto power
by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt over federal appointments in Virginia.
This rumor gained traction when Price became involved in an attempt to appoint a
judge to the federal bench to whom both of Virginia's U.S. senators were
opposed. These controversies set the stage for the 1940 session in which the
Byrd-dominated legislature stonewalled Price's plan to reorganize the state's
government. Price thus spent the last two years of his term readying Virginia
for World War II.
Price's term as governor ended in 1942. He continued his work with the Shriners until his death on November 22, 1943 after suffering a brain hemorrhage.
First published: February 11, 2008 | Last modified: April 7, 2011
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